温度测量
在教材中有许多地方，都需要测量温度。一般情况下，用温度计就可以了。但是，在有的地方还是可以改进的。
- 技术是在发展的，要让学生看到发展的科技。
- 用新的技术可以解决在观察、记录上的问题。
下面的例子是大象版五年级上册里面两个地方的实验。
在第一个实验中，需要用到酒精灯对几种材料加热，课堂实验中，不仅可能会把木材点燃，还会因为塑料棒加热产生难闻的气味。所以可以加以改进。
在第二个实验中，因为使用塑料瓶，所以在实验过程中，当把温度计放进去之后，很快就因为瓶内的热气弥漫而看不见温度计的刻度；同时因为需要人为计时，可能会出现误差，所以可以加以改进。
上面两个都是，测量温度的，可以用EPS8266加以改进。
接线图如下所示：
一、电脑显示
代码：
#include <OneWire.h>
#include <DallasTemperature.h>
// 单总线数据引脚接到 GPIO 4
#define ONE_WIRE_BUS (4)
#define ONE_WIRE_BUS (2) // DQ接ESP8266引脚D4(GPIO2)
//设置一个oneWire实例来与任何oneWire设备通信(不仅仅是Maxim/Dallas温度ic)
OneWire oneWire(ONE_WIRE_BUS);
// 通过 oneWire 实例化对象 Dallas Temperature.
DallasTemperature sensors(&oneWire);
// 发现的温度设备数量
int numberOfDevices;
// We'll use this variable to store a found device address
DeviceAddress tempDeviceAddress;
void setup(){
// start serial port
Serial.begin(115200);
// Start up the library
sensors.begin();
// 获取单总线上的设备数量
numberOfDevices = sensors.getDeviceCount();
Serial.println(numberOfDevices);
// 定位总线上的设备并打印出每个设备被的地址
Serial.print("Locating devices...");
Serial.print("Found ");
Serial.print(numberOfDevices, DEC);
Serial.println(" devices.");
// Loop through each device, print out address
for(int i=0;i<numberOfDevices; i++){
// 搜索总线上的设备地址并打印出来
if(sensors.getAddress(tempDeviceAddress, i)){
Serial.print("Found device ");
Serial.print(i, DEC);
Serial.print(" with address: ");
printAddress(tempDeviceAddress);
Serial.println();
} else {
Serial.print("Found ghost device at ");
Serial.print(i, DEC);
Serial.print(" but could not detect address. Check power and cabling");
}
}
}
void loop(){
sensors.requestTemperatures(); //发送获取温度的命令
// Loop through each device, print out temperature data
for(int i=0;i<numberOfDevices; i++){
// Search the wire for address
if(sensors.getAddress(tempDeviceAddress, i)){
// Output the device ID
Serial.print("Temperature for device: ");
Serial.println(i,DEC);
// Print the data
float tempC = sensors.getTempC(tempDeviceAddress);
Serial.print("Temp C: ");
Serial.print(tempC);//摄氏度温度打印
}
}
delay(5000);
}
// 打印设备地址
void printAddress(DeviceAddress deviceAddress) {
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++){
if (deviceAddress[i] < 16) Serial.print("0");
Serial.print(deviceAddress[i], HEX);
}
}
二、局域网
（一）STA模式
代码：
//要先安装头文件
#include <OneWire.h>
#include <DallasTemperature.h> //温度
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h> //连接WiFi
#include <ESP8266WebServer.h> //连接WiFi
#define ONE_WIRE_BUS (2) // DQ接ESP8266引脚D4(GPIO2)
//设置一个oneWire实例来与任何oneWire设备通信(不仅仅是Maxim/Dallas温度ic)
OneWire oneWire(ONE_WIRE_BUS);
// 通过 oneWire 实例化对象 Dallas Temperature.
DallasTemperature sensors(&oneWire);
// 发现的温度设备数量
int numberOfDevices;
// We'll use this variable to store a found device address
DeviceAddress tempDeviceAddress;
int LED=0;
//定义WIFI信息
const char* ssid = "FAST_4614"; // Enter SSID here
const char* password = ""; //Enter Password here
ESP8266WebServer server(80);
void setup() {
pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(115200);
sensors.begin();
delay(100);
Serial.println("Connecting to:");
Serial.print(ssid);
//connect to your local wi-fi network
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
//check wi-fi is connected to wi-fi network
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(1000);
Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.println("");
Serial.println("WiFi connected..!");
Serial.print("Got IP: "); Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
server.on("/", handle_OnConnect);
server.onNotFound(handle_NotFound);
server.begin();
Serial.println("HTTP server started");
// 获取单总线上的设备数量
numberOfDevices = sensors.getDeviceCount();
Serial.println(numberOfDevices);
// 定位总线上的设备并打印出每个设备被的地址
Serial.print("Locating devices...");
Serial.print("Found ");
Serial.print(numberOfDevices, DEC);
Serial.println(" devices.");
// Loop through each device, print out address
for(int i=0;i<numberOfDevices; i++){
// 搜索总线上的设备地址并打印出来
if(sensors.getAddress(tempDeviceAddress, i)){
Serial.print("Found device ");
Serial.print(i, DEC);
Serial.print(" with address: ");
printAddress(tempDeviceAddress);
Serial.println();
} else {
Serial.print("Found ghost device at ");
Serial.print(i, DEC);
Serial.print(" but could not detect address. Check power and cabling");
}
}
}
void loop() {
server.handleClient();
digitalWrite(LED, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(1000); // wait for a second
digitalWrite(LED, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
delay(1000);
}
void handle_OnConnect() {
sensors.requestTemperatures(); // 发送命令获取温度
//server.send(100, "text/html", SendHTML(sensors.getTempCByIndex(0)));
// Loop through each device, print out temperature data
for(int i=0;i<numberOfDevices; i++){
// Search the wire for address
if(sensors.getAddress(tempDeviceAddress, i)){
// Output the device ID
Serial.print("Temperature for device: ");
Serial.println(i,DEC);
// Print the data
float tempC = sensors.getTempC(tempDeviceAddress);
//Serial.print("Temp C: ");
//Serial.println(tempC);//摄氏度温度打印
server.send(100, "text/html", SendHTML(i,tempC));
}
}
}
void handle_NotFound(){
server.send(404, "text/plain", "Not found");
}
String SendHTML(int a,float Temperaturestat){
String ptr = "<!DOCTYPE html> <html>\n";
ptr +="<head> <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no\">\n";
ptr +="<link href=\"https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,400,600\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n";
ptr +="<meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n";
ptr +="<title>课堂实验_温度检测_罗</title>\n";
ptr +="<style>html { font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; display: block; margin: 0px auto; text-align: center;color: #333333;}\n";
ptr +="body{margin-top: 50px;}\n";
ptr +="h1 {margin: 50px auto 30px;}\n";
ptr +=" .wd {margin: 50px auto 30px;width: auto;color: #f39c12}\n";
ptr +=" .wd1 {margin: 50px auto 30px;width: auto;color: #3498db}\n";
ptr +=".side-by-side{display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;position: relative;}\n";
ptr +=".temperature-text{font-weight: 600;padding-left: 15px;font-size: 19px;width: 160px;text-align: left;}\n";
ptr +=".temperature{font-weight: 300;font-size: 60px;color: #f39c12;}\n";
ptr +=".superscript{font-size: 17px;font-weight: 600;position: absolute;right: -20px;top: 15px;}\n";
ptr +=".data{padding: 10px;}\n";
ptr +="</style>\n";
ptr +="</head>\n";
ptr +="<body>\n";
ptr +="<div id=\"webpage\">\n";
ptr +="<h1>温度检测</h1>\n";
ptr +="<div class=\"side-by-side temperature-text\">第";
a=a+1;
ptr +=a;
ptr +="个温度：</div>\n";
ptr +="<div class=\"side-by-side temperature\">";
ptr +=(float)Temperaturestat;
ptr +="<span class=\"superscript\">°C</span></div>\n";
ptr +="</div>\n";
ptr +="</body>\n";
ptr +="</html>\n";
return ptr;
}
// 打印设备地址
void printAddress(DeviceAddress deviceAddress) {
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++){
if (deviceAddress[i] < 16) Serial.print("0");
Serial.print(deviceAddress[i], HEX);
}
}
在上面要注意的是，三个温度感应器实际上是接在一条线上的，可以把他们看成数组。
当然，这只是第一步，因为这只是在局域网里可以看见，也就是在办公室里可以实现，如果移到教室，在班班通里就无法显示，还需要把他真正接入网络，才可以在班班通上显示。
（二）AP_STA模式
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <OneWire.h> //温度
#include <DallasTemperature.h> //温度
#include <ESP8266WebServer.h> //连接WiFi
#define ONE_WIRE_BUS (2) // DQ接ESP8266引脚D4(GPIO2)
//设置一个oneWire实例来与任何oneWire设备通信(不仅仅是Maxim/Dallas温度ic)
OneWire oneWire(ONE_WIRE_BUS);
// 通过 oneWire 实例化对象 Dallas Temperature.
DallasTemperature sensors(&oneWire);
// 发现的温度设备数量
int numberOfDevices;
// We'll use this variable to store a found device address
DeviceAddress tempDeviceAddress;
#define AP_ssid "yang" //esp8266创建的wifi名字
#define AP_password "" //esp8266创建的wifi密码
#define STA_ssid "P20" //要连接的wifi名字
#define STA_password "12345678" //要连接的wifi密码
//设置esp8266创建wifi的静态IP
IPAddress local_IP(1,2,3,4); //手动设置的开启的网络的ip地址
IPAddress gateway(1,2,3,4); //手动设置的网关IP地址
IPAddress subnet(255,255,255,0); //手动设置的子网掩码
//设置要连接wifi的网络参数
IPAddress sip(192,168,110,96); //手动设置静态IP 连接网络ip
IPAddress sip1(192,168,0,1); //本地网关
IPAddress sip2(255,255,255,0); //本地子网掩码
ESP8266WebServer server(80);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println();
WiFi.disconnect();
delay(500);
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP_STA);
//连接wifi
WiFi.config(sip,sip1,sip2); //设置本地网络参数
Serial.printf("连接wifi中... ");
WiFi.begin(STA_ssid, STA_password);
while(WiFi.status()!=WL_CONNECTED){
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.println('\n');
Serial.print("Connected to ");
Serial.println(WiFi.SSID()); //连接的WiFI名称
Serial.print("IP address:\t");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP()); //NodeMCU的IP地址
WiFi.softAPConfig(local_IP, gateway, subnet); //设置自创建网络参数
WiFi.softAP(AP_ssid, AP_password, 3, 1); //启动校验式网络（需要输入账号密码的网络）,通道为3，wifi隐藏
if (WiFi.softAP(AP_ssid, AP_password)) {
Serial.print("创建wifi的名字: ");
Serial.println(AP_ssid);
Serial.print("创建wifi的密码: ");
Serial.println(AP_password);
Serial.println("创建wifi的IP: ");
Serial.println(local_IP);
} else {
//若没有开启成功
Serial.println("开启失败");
}
sensors.begin();
server.on("/", handle_OnConnect);
server.onNotFound(handle_NotFound);
server.begin();
Serial.println("HTTP server started");
// 获取单总线上的设备数量
numberOfDevices = sensors.getDeviceCount();
Serial.println(numberOfDevices);
// 定位总线上的设备并打印出每个设备被的地址
Serial.print("Locating devices...");
Serial.print("Found ");
Serial.print(numberOfDevices, DEC);
Serial.println(" devices.");
// Loop through each device, print out address
for(int i=0;i<numberOfDevices; i++){
// 搜索总线上的设备地址并打印出来
if(sensors.getAddress(tempDeviceAddress, i)){
Serial.print("Found device ");
Serial.print(i, DEC);
Serial.print(" with address: ");
printAddress(tempDeviceAddress);
Serial.println();
} else {
Serial.print("Found ghost device at ");
Serial.print(i, DEC);
Serial.print(" but could not detect address. Check power and cabling");
}
}
}
void loop() {
server.handleClient();
}
void handle_OnConnect() {
sensors.requestTemperatures(); // 发送命令获取温度
//server.send(100, "text/html", SendHTML(sensors.getTempCByIndex(0)));
// Loop through each device, print out temperature data
for(int i=0;i<numberOfDevices; i++){
// Search the wire for address
if(sensors.getAddress(tempDeviceAddress, i)){
// Output the device ID
Serial.print("Temperature for device: ");
Serial.println(i,DEC);
// Print the data
float tempC = sensors.getTempC(tempDeviceAddress);
//Serial.print("Temp C: ");
//Serial.println(tempC);//摄氏度温度打印
server.send(100, "text/html", SendHTML(i,tempC));
}
}
}
void handle_NotFound(){
server.send(404, "text/plain", "Not found");
}
String SendHTML(int a,float Temperaturestat){
String ptr = "<!DOCTYPE html> <html>\n";
ptr +="<head> <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no\">\n";
ptr +="<link href=\"https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,400,600\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n";
ptr +="<meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n";
ptr +="<title>罗孔均</title>\n";
ptr +="<style>html { font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; display: block; margin: 0px auto; text-align: center;color: #333333;}\n";
ptr +="body{margin-top: 50px;}\n";
ptr +="h1 {margin: 50px auto 30px;}\n";
ptr +=" .wd {margin: 50px auto 30px;width: auto;color: #f39c12}\n";
ptr +=" .wd1 {margin: 50px auto 30px;width: auto;color: #3498db}\n";
ptr +=".side-by-side{display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;position: relative;}\n";
ptr +=".temperature-text{font-weight: 600;padding-left: 15px;font-size: 19px;width: 160px;text-align: left;}\n";
ptr +=".temperature{font-weight: 300;font-size: 60px;color: #f39c12;}\n";
ptr +=".superscript{font-size: 17px;font-weight: 600;position: absolute;right: -20px;top: 15px;}\n";
ptr +=".data{padding: 10px;}\n";
ptr +="</style>\n";
ptr +="</head>\n";
ptr +="<body>\n";
ptr +="<div id=\"webpage\">\n";
ptr +="<h1>科学办公室测试_温度网络检测_罗舒阳</h1>\n";
ptr +="<div class=\"side-by-side temperature-text\">第";
a=a+1;
ptr +=a;
ptr +="个温度：</div>\n";
ptr +="<div class=\"side-by-side temperature\">";
ptr +=(float)Temperaturestat;
ptr +="<span class=\"superscript\">°C</span></div>\n";
ptr +="</div>\n";
ptr +="</body>\n";
ptr +="</html>\n";
return ptr;
}
// 打印设备地址
void printAddress(DeviceAddress deviceAddress) {
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++){
if (deviceAddress[i] < 16) Serial.print("0");
Serial.print(deviceAddress[i], HEX);
}
}
用文件系统上传页面
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESP8266WiFiMulti.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
#include <FS.h>
#include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>
#include <OneWire.h>
#include <DallasTemperature.h> //温度
#include <DNSServer.h>
ESP8266WiFiMulti wifiMulti; // 建立ESP8266WiFiMulti对象
DNSServer dnsserver;
AsyncWebServer server(80);
//*****************************
#define ONE_WIRE_BUS (4) // DQ接ESP8266引脚D4(GPIO2)
//*****************************
//设置一个oneWire实例来与任何oneWire设备通信(不仅仅是Maxim/Dallas温度ic)
OneWire oneWire(ONE_WIRE_BUS);
//*****************************
// 通过 oneWire 实例化对象 Dallas Temperature.
DallasTemperature sensors(&oneWire);
//*****************************
// 发现的温度设备数量
int numberOfDevices;
//*****************************
// We'll use this variable to store a found device address
DeviceAddress tempDeviceAddress;
void connect_wifi() {
Serial.begin(9600); // 启动串口通讯
Serial.println("");
wifiMulti.addAP("@Ruijie-sAF11", "luo200408"); // 将需要连接的一系列WiFi ID和密码输入这里
wifiMulti.addAP("P20", "12345678"); // ESP8266-NodeMCU再启动后会扫描当前网络
wifiMulti.addAP("ssid_from_AP_3", "your_password_for_AP_3"); // 环境查找是否有这里列出的WiFi ID。如果有
Serial.println("Connecting ..."); // 则尝试使用此处存储的密码进行连接。
int i = 0;
while (wifiMulti.run() != WL_CONNECTED) { // 尝试进行wifi连接。
delay(1000);
Serial.print(i++); Serial.print(' ');
}
// WiFi连接成功后将通过串口监视器输出连接成功信息
Serial.println('\n');
Serial.print("Connected to ");
Serial.println(WiFi.SSID()); // 通过串口监视器输出连接的WiFi名称
Serial.print("IP address:\t");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP()); // 通过串口监视器输出ESP8266-NodeMCU的IP
}
//统计
void tongji() {
// 获取单总线上的设备数量
numberOfDevices = sensors.getDeviceCount();
Serial.print("温度计的个数：");
Serial.println(numberOfDevices);
//*****************************
// 定位总线上的设备并打印出每个设备被的地址
Serial.print("Locating devices...");
Serial.print("Found ");
Serial.print(numberOfDevices, DEC);
Serial.println(" devices.");
//*****************************
// Loop through each device, print out address
for (int i = 0; i < numberOfDevices; i++) {
// 搜索总线上的设备地址并打印出来
if (sensors.getAddress(tempDeviceAddress, i)) {
Serial.print("Found device ");
Serial.print(i, DEC);
Serial.print(" with address: ");
//Serial.print(tempDeviceAddress);
printAddress(tempDeviceAddress);
Serial.println();
} else {
Serial.print("Found ghost device at ");
Serial.print(i, DEC);
Serial.print(" but could not detect address. Check power and cabling");
}
}
}
//发送数据
String Merge_Data(void)
{
sensors.requestTemperatures(); // 发送命令获取温度
numberOfDevices = sensors.getDeviceCount();
//numberOfDevices应该是3
String dataBuffer = "<p>";
for (int i = 0; i < numberOfDevices; i++) {
dataBuffer += "<b>第";
int a = i + 1;
dataBuffer += a;
dataBuffer += "个温度: ";
sensors.getAddress(tempDeviceAddress, i); //这一句是必须的
// Print the data
float tempC = sensors.getTempC(tempDeviceAddress);
dataBuffer += float(tempC);
dataBuffer += "</b><br/>";
}
dataBuffer += "</p>";
return dataBuffer;
}
//*****************************
// 下发处理回调函数
void Config_Callback(AsyncWebServerRequest *request)
{
if (request->hasParam("value")) // 如果有值下发
{
String HTTP_Payload = request->getParam("value")->value(); // 获取下发的数据
Serial.printf("[%lu]%s\r\n", millis(), HTTP_Payload.c_str()); // 打印调试信息
}
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK"); // 发送接收成功标志符
}
//
void web_server() {
if (!SPIFFS.begin()) {
Serial.println("An Error has occurred while mounting LittleFS");
return;
}
server.serveStatic("/", SPIFFS, "/").setDefaultFile("index.html");
server.begin(); //初始化
}
void setup()
{
connect_wifi();
sensors.begin();//如果这里不初始化，就不会成功。
web_server();
tongji();
// 你需要在此处添加WiFi操作代码，开启热点或者连接到热点
// 添加HTTP主页，当访问的时候会把网页推送给访问者
server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest * request)
{
request->send_P(200, "text/html", "index.html");
});
// 设置反馈的信息，在HTML请求这个Ip/dht这个链接时，返回打包好的传感器数据
server.on("/dht", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest * request)
{
request->send_P(200, "text/plain", Merge_Data().c_str());
});
server.on("/set", HTTP_GET, Config_Callback); // 绑定配置下发的处理函数
server.begin(); // 初始化HTTP服务器
}
void loop() {
dnsserver.processNextRequest();
}
// 打印设备地址
void printAddress(DeviceAddress deviceAddress) {
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
if (deviceAddress[i] < 16) Serial.print("0");
Serial.print(deviceAddress[i], HEX);
}
}
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