智慧书

序号	标题	中文	英文
41	41	41.不要夸大其辞滥用夸张的辞语是不明智的。这种辞语既背真理，又使人对你的判断心存疑虑。说话夸大其辞，等于是把赞美的词儿到处乱扔，这暴露出你知识欠缺，品味不高。赞扬招徕好奇心，好奇心产生欲望。等后来人们发现你言过其实时，常常会因此感到他们原来的期待心受了愚弄，于是生出报复心理，将赞美者和被赞美者一古脑儿踏倒。所以谨慎的人知道节制，与其言过其实，不如言之未足。真正的卓越非凡十分罕见，所以你不宜滥下褒辞。言过其实等于是一种说谎，可能会毁坏别人原本以为你品味高雅的印象，或者甚而至于毁坏你智慧过人的名声。	41 Never Exaggerate. It is an important object of attention not to talk in superlatives, so as neither to offend against truth nor to give a mean idea of one’s understanding. Exaggeration is a prodigality of the judgment which shows the narrowness of one’s knowledge or one’s taste. Praise arouses lively curiosity, begets desire, and if afterwards the value does not correspond to the price, as generally happens, expectation revolts against the deception, and revenges itself by underestimating the thing recommended and the person recommending. A prudent man goes more cautiously to work, and prefers to err by omission than by commission. Extraordinary things are rare, therefore moderate ordinary valuation. Exaggeration is a branch of lying, and you lose by it the credit of good taste, which is much, and of good sense, which is more.
42	42	42．生而为王者生而有治人之术是一种超绝的神秘力量，这种力量不来自人工的苦心经营，而来自生而为王者的天性。对于这样的人，大家都会莫名其妙地臣服于前，承认他神秘的力量和天生的威权。这种人具有一种贵人气概，其才德可以为人君，其天运可以成狮王。他们令人敬畏，令人心悦诚服。如果他们还有别的天赋，那他们就是天生的政治界的风云人物。别人要用长篇大论才能解决的问题，他们往往只消打一个轻描淡写的手势就大功告成	42 Born to Command. It is a secret force of superiority not to have to get on by artful trickery but by an inborn power of rule. All submit to it without knowing why, recognising the secret vigour of connatural authority. Such magisterial spirits are kings by merit and lions by innate privilege. By the esteem which they inspire, they hold the hearts and minds of the rest. If their other qualities permit, such men are born to be the prime motors of the state. They perform more by a gesture than others by a long harangue.
43	43	43．心随精英，口随大众逆潮流而动很难发现真理，且危机四伏。只有苏格拉底敢冒此种风险。自认为别有高见等于是侮辱别人，因为这意味着你宣布别人的看法是错的。某人受了批评，或是某人称赞了某人，无论属于哪种情况，都会有许多人为之感到不快。真理属于少数人。欺诈行为是卑劣的但也是常见的。你很难凭某些人在大庭广众之中说的话来判断他们是不是智者。他们往往不说真心话，而只是媚俗同愚，但私下对这种口是心非亦深恶痛绝。明达之人既避免被人反驳，也避免反驳他人。他可能本来敏于责难，但却不轻易在大庭广众之中这样做。人们的情感是自由的，不能也不应该受到侵犯。它们默然静处于心庭，若非遇到个别通情达理之人，绝不外露。	43 Think with the Few and speak with the Many. By swimming against the stream it is impossible to remove error, easy to fall into danger;only a Socrates can undertake it. To dissent from others’ views is regarded as an insult,because it is their condemnation. Disgust is doubled on account of the thing blamed and of the person who praised it. Truth is for the few; error is both common and vulgar. The wise man is not known by what he says on the housetops, for there he speaks not with his own voice but with that of common folly, however much his inmost thoughts may gainsay it. The prudent avoid being contradicted as much as contradicting: though they have their censure ready, they are not ready to publish it. Thought is free: force cannot and should not be used to it. The wise man therefore retires into silence, and if he allows himself to come out of it, he does so in the shade and before few and fit persons.
44	44	44．与伟人心心相印英雄人物有一种天赋，就是能与别的英雄人物相处。此种英雄惜英雄的能力，可以说是人世间的一大奇观，因为它既神秘又有益。世上有相似相通的心灵与气质，其心心相印的效果与俗世尤知之辈心目中的灵丹妙药的效果几乎相同。这种共鸣性同情感不仅使我们获得声名，也使别人对我们倾心，使我们很快赢得他们的善意。这种能力无言而雄辩滔滔，无功而成就显赫。共鸣性同情感分为两种，有积极的，有消极的。在位居高位者中，这两种东西都能创造奇迹。要了解它们，区别它们并利用它们，需要很高的技巧。这种奇异能力带来的好处绝非寻常的努力可以代替	44 Sympathy with great Minds. It is a heroic quality to agree with heroes. ’Tis like a miracle of nature for mystery and for use. There is a natural kinship of hearts and minds: its effects are such that vulgar ignorance scents witchcraft. Esteem established, goodwill follows, which at times reaches affection. It persuades without words and obtains without earning. This sympathy is sometimes active,sometimes passive, both alike felicific; the more so, the more sublime. ’Tis a great art to recognise, to distinguish, and to utilise this gift. No amount of energy suffices without that favour of nature.
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